The Tibetan Independence Movement essays

The Tibetan Independence Movement articles The Independence of Tibet is probably the most blazing theme on the planet today, without a doubt due to some extent to the huge media introduction and consideration given to the Dalai Lama and his development in America. Late Movies, for example, Kundun, The Wind Horse, and the incredibly mainstream Seven Years in Tibet have astoundingly affected the excitement of global consciousness of Tibets circumstance with China. This effect and the foundation of the Tibetan Independence Movement as a significant issue on the worldwide stage has lead to the contention by supporters of Chinese standard of Tibet that interventionists have put together their contentions with respect to history as indicated by Hollywood . Have these movies influenced general sentiment and maybe even impacted Americas international strategy with respect to China? My answer would be yes. Yet, to contend that it is the premise and the main information on the connection among Tibet and China is a vain endeavor by the Chinese to depict the position of the majority of the free world as crafted by industrialist publicity. As an American, I think that its offending that Many of the Chinese-over-Tibet supporters view Americans as being so effectively impacted by the media that we would utilize a Hollywood creation as the reason for advancement of Tibetan Independence portrayed by one Chinese backer: Philanthropic Interventionists and Benevolent Global Hegemonists, a large portion of whom come up short on even a simple comprehension of Chinas long and complex history, share an especially awful quality. A large number of these Globocops envision since they have downloaded a couple of pages of seperatist purposeful publicity from Tibet.org, and shed a tear or two while watching Seven Years in Tibet, that qualifies them as China specialists. They accept this qualifies them to condemn about whether China has the right to stay unblemished or be persuasively Balkanized by the universes just residual superpower. Their mentality equals that of the most terrible nineteenth century demon... <!

Wal Marts Entry Strategy Into China Management Essay

Wal Marts Entry Strategy Into China Management Essay Concerning Porters PEST hypothesis, the paper plans to look at Wal-Mart section methodology into China, and show whether seeking after a joint endeavor technique was vital to Wal-Marts outside development inside the Far East. The paper is arranged comparative with past scholastic research articles and decides to add to the writing, meaning to develop past work while giving an understanding into business choices and expectation that should be viewed as when entering new markets. The paper will expect to respond to two inquiries corresponding to Wal-Mart business system as found in the expository hypothesis area, offering an inside and out comprehension and investigate with respect to Wal-Marts Far Eastern endeavors: Did the Political, Economic, Social and Technological motivators favor Wal-Marts system into China, and; In view of the discoveries from the PEST examination, was Wal-Marts choice to embrace a joint endeavor section methodology doable? Part 1 1.1 Introduction Wal-Mart Inc. is positioned on a worldwide scale as one of the biggest retail organizations around the world, with a market capitalisation of 192.38billion (www.uk.finance.yahoo.com) and deals in overabundance of $108 billion and profit for every portion of 96 pennies (Smith, 2009). This joined with its situation inside the Top 5 of the Fortune 500 Index and the effects of the continuous credit crunch make it an exceptionally captivating point to research. In this paper I mean to expand on the ideas inside the subject of universal business system, tending to Wal-Marts own procedure in their choice to enter the Chinese Market. Business procedure inside numerous worldwide associations assumes a basic job in achieving an ideal degree of vital initiative (purpose) and Wal-Mart is no special case. Wal-Mart like numerous organizations is quite certain in its business plan, which Pereira (2002) immediately recognized, as building up predominance in the home retail showcases (US), worldwide extension/initiative and a useful brand creation (Pereira et al, 2002). In view of Pereiras impression of Wal-Marts system, by attempted Porters PEST examination taking a gander at Political, Economical, Social and Technological, the discoveries will be lined up with respect to Wal-Marts strategy on joint endeavors. It will expand on past scholastic research articles and hypotheses, recorded in the writing survey with the point of understanding the key choices Wal-Mart has attempted concerning its worldwide extension. These choices support the section technique Wal-Mart has received to go into the Chinese market, Wal-Mart is trading its retail shrewd east to Asia with stores opening in China (Halverson, 1994, p1). The paper having illustrated the general idea of PEST when considering market section, will at that point finish up with a review of the passage technique taken by Wal-Mart in China dependent on this PEST examination. 1.2 PEST Analysis Nuisance is a business instrument that was created by Michael Porter (1980s). It is utilized by firms to comprehend changes inside the full scale condition concentrating on 4 principle factors, Political, Economic, Social and Technological. Social event data dependent on these four parts PEST is utilized by firms to address their key situating, arranging and advertising choices. The significance of a PEST investigation as indicated by articles composed by Glaister and Falshaw, is that PEST thinks about the necessary segments of the outer examination of the organization, prompting considered perspective on the chances and dangers confronting the firm (Glaister and Falshaw, 1999, p112). By differentiate different kinds of examination, for example the TECOP model, bring into the business and hierarchical hazard angles into the investigation. (www. siteresources.worldbank.org, p25) However with the end goal of this report a PEST investigation is the most suitable. The perspectives on PEST, joined with Porters own speculations on firm conduct corresponding to the earth, the strain to change is more frequently natural than inward (Porter, 1998, p52) epitomizes why adjusting a passage methodology to a PEST investigation is, for some organizations, pivotal. Wal-Mart is a regular case of this, featuring the significance of thinking about every one of the four viewpoints before settling on a choice. Wal-Marts improvement and choices dependent on its entrance system are firmly adjusted to the essentials of PEST. The layout underneath delineates this: Section 2 2.1 Literature Review There are numerous past examinations and writing, which use Porters PEST investigation as an apparatus to understanding passage choices. This audit will mean to develop these and utilize the ideas to offer a various comprehension of Wal-Marts worldwide extension procedure inside China. From a worldwide point of view, the retail division is one of the greatest and most serious markets, the sum and assortment of types of global retail activities have expanded in late decades (Dawson, 1994, p39). Having set up in 1962, Wal-Mart has been no special case to this example, Wal-Mart is both the universes biggest retailer and partnership estimated by its income (Dobson, 2004, P89). As Wal-Mart has deliberately evolved, the need to adjust and develop a worldwide system and adjust it to the outer condition has been indispensable. Wal-Marts worldwide development and situating inside new markets with the key goal of obtaining an upper hand against other retail mammoths, for example, Tesco and Carrefour as far as piece of the overall industry, exemplifies this, since 1994, Wal-Mart, the greatest retailer on the planet, has been one of a scope of American 'new configuration retailers causing devastation in remote retail showcases (Hallsworth and Evers, 2004, p1). The writing gives a knowledge into why firms exist where they do. Vermin is an apparatus used to increase a comprehension of market development and decay (outer to the firm) and accordingly assists with deciding the perfect key situating for an association. As Langlois and Robertson expressed, an organization when managing any business technique must build up the limits of control corresponding to their associations scale and extension (Langlois et al, 1995, p7). On the off chance that this isn't built up forthright, any arrangement around firm situating gets risky and as Lamont has expressed in his work, and specifically concerning Wal-Marts worldwide territorial technique, this has been the situation in certain territories. Wal-Mart, Lamont contends has committed a few errors in making a decision about the significance of monetary, social, and business chances inside nearby nations (Lamont, 2002), which subsequently has kept them from situating themselves in certain nations as a fr uitful retail firm. Numerous European urban areas like Germany for example have stayed with the littler retailers like Spar and Lidl as their needs and decision are not as assorted as the Chinese requests. Further writing develops the issues of an absence of comprehension of the outer condition. For example, Lamont, Kottoli and Schaefer evaluate Wal-Marts European section technique according to the essentials of PEST. Lamont gets on the monetary examination and contends that more significant expenses and expanded rivalry was a wellspring of Wal-Marts disappointment in nations like Germany (Lamont, 2002). Kottoli likewise joins the discussion and contends social inhumanities turned into the boundary to Wal-Marts achievement, which thus backs up Schaefers hypotheses identifying with why Wal-Mart had the issues it did. Wal-Marts powerlessness to adjust its home belief systems to its worldwide objectives because of the board issues, language boundaries (social), advertise information and political guideline all additional to its choice to re-structure and auction its misfortunes (Schaefer, 2006). This said doing a PEST investigation on Wal-Marts Chinese endeavor turns into an intriguing activity, on the grounds that, while Kottoli, Schaefer and Lamonts contentions are altogether tenable for Europe, others trust China offers a one of a kind point. A PEST investigation will give a more inside and out comprehension of why Wal-Mart picked a specific passage technique for China. Goldstein in his composing indicated how Wal Marts way to deal with China contrasted from past section techniques and that it has really encountered a component of accomplishment (Goldstein, 2003). It is in any event despite everything present extending and regarded in China and Asia, which can't be said for its advancement in some European nations like Germany. Kierney intensifies this further while expressing concerning China, Wal-Mart is immovably settled in (Kearney, 2006, p6) inside China. Other writing concurs with such a perspective and Naughton for example expresses that for Wal-Mart, China speaks to the greatest outskirts since it vanquished America (Naughton 2006). Having used PEST to comprehend the outer condition Wal-Mart needed to build up an appropriate section methodology for China. Already Wal-Mart in Canada, as expressed by Govindarajan and Gupta, utilized a securing procedure. The explanations for such an advancement were, that Wal-Mart confronted moderately little requirement for new learning, and in this manner, entering through a vital partnership was pointless (Govindarajan and Gupta, 1999). China then again presents an altogether different developing business sector, which at the hour of the Wal-Mart adventure had stayed a lot of undiscovered. Considering, a collusion or joint endeavor is the best section methodology to use, as a joint endeavor permits firms to evaluate the serious scene with more exactness (Hamel and Prahalad, 1989). Understanding this, Wal-Mart entered China based on a joint endeavor, which profited by their past obtaining experience. Section 3 3.1 Analytical Theory From a definite PEST viewpoint this segment will take a gander at the individual P-E-S-T angles. It doubts whether the hidden ideas of a PEST examination, the political, financial, social and mechanical ideas favor Wal-Mart in seeking after a passage technique dependent on joint endeavors. It will do this by thinking about two parts of the passage technique: 1) Did the Political, Economic, Social and Technological impetuses favor Wal-Marts strat

The Link Between Social Anxiety Disorder and Depression

The Link Between Social Anxiety Disorder and Depression Social Anxiety Disorder Related Conditions Print The Link Between Social Anxiety Disorder and Depression By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on April 24, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 08, 2020 Steve West/Taxi/Getty Images More in Social Anxiety Disorder Related Conditions Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment and Therapy Coping Work and School In This Article Table of Contents Expand Social Anxiety and Depression   Other Associated Risks SAD and Later Depression Social Withdrawal Treatment View All Back To Top Can depression cause social anxiety disorder? Or is the reverse true, and being socially anxious causes you to become depressed? Given the close relationship between these disorders, it is natural to ask questions about why you feel depressed if you are socially anxious, or why you may become socially anxious if you are depressed. Feelings of anxiety and worry about being around others can evolve into feeling down in general, particularly if you isolate yourself or stop participating in activities. At the same time, certain symptoms of depression can also make you fear being around people for a myriad of reasons. Social Anxiety and Depression   Research shows that there is a strong relationship between having social anxiety disorder (SAD) and developing depression later in life. The generalized type of social anxiety disorder is also associated with an increased co-occurrence with major depressive disorder, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and alcohol use disorders among others.   Other Associated Risks If you have both SAD and depression, a 2001 study  (in  Primary Care Companion Journal of Clinical Psychiatry: Psychotherapy Casebook)  shows that you are also at risk for a number of other related problems due to this combination.??   an increased risk of problems with alcoholimpairments in social and occupational functioninglesser response to treatmentrisk of suicide In addition, if you have been diagnosed with social anxiety disorder and also depression, you are more likely to have more severe and chronic symptoms. SAD and Later Depression According to a 2001 study  in the Archives of General Psychiatry, although developing social anxiety disorder  at an early age has been linked to developing depression later on, not everyone who has SAD  becomes depressed.?? When social anxiety disorder appears at a young age, appropriate treatment may reduce the risk of developing depression at a later age. Social Withdrawal Differs Between Social Anxiety Disorder  and Depression Imagine a young college student who wants to make friends and go to parties but fears that she will embarrass herself in front of others. As a result, she stays in her dorm room night after night, wishing she could be a part of the group.   Contrast this with the student who avoids social contact because its just not any fun to herâ€"the thought of going to parties or getting together with a friend holds no promise of enjoyment. Although both SAD and depression may involve social withdrawal, the cause of the withdrawal is different. People with social anxiety disorder withdraw out of fear of negative evaluation by others.People with depression withdraw due to a lack of enjoyment. People with SAD expect that they could enjoy themselves if they could somehow interact appropriately with others, whereas those with depression dont ever expect to enjoy themselves. Treatment of SAD and Depression Depression is often what leads people to seek help, even though social anxiety disorder may be the underlying problem. Usually, people who have SAD will not speak to anyone about the problems that they face and often do not realize that they have a treatable illness. As a result, most people with social anxiety disorder do not usually receive treatment unless the disorder occurs alongside another condition. Unless a medical professional is trained to look for secondary disorders, SAD may continue to go misdiagnosed. Unfortunately, treating depression without addressing the underlying social anxiety disorder can be ineffective. Although many of the treatments recommended for depression are also effective in treating SAD, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), treatment must still be tailored to the specific disorder. Try One of the 9 Best Online Therapy Programs A Word From Verywell If you experience both SAD and depression, your doctor or mental health professional will devise a treatment plan designed to address symptoms of both disorders. If youve not yet sought a diagnosis for symptoms of anxiety or depression that you are experiencing, it is important to make an appointment. Earlier diagnosis and treatment is related to better outcomes in terms of depression resulting after social anxiety disorder.

The Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria - 1944 Words

Luis Carrasco Jess Lerma English 1A December 11, 2015 Daesh: A Global Enemy The world is at war. You ask with who? Terrorism, to be more specific though they are called The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). They have a few other names as well, The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) and Daesh. I will choose to call them Daesh in this piece because these terrorists find it insulting. The reason for this is that Daesh an acronym for ISIS in Arabic. This acronym though sounds exactly like the Arabic word dais, which means something that crushes or tramples. â€Å"In recent months many Arabs and Western leaders, including Secretary of State John Kerry, prefer to call it Daesh, the Arabic acronym for the Islamic State. But Islamic State members hate the term because in Arabic, the pronunciation is close to a word that can be variously translated as to crush or bigot who imposes his will on others (Reid, 2). Daesh do not want this title and have threatened to cut out the tongues of people who use it. Daesh are a product of instability in the Syrian and Iraq region plus a Syrian civil war. Unfortunately, America is greatly at fault for the instability in Iraq and helped fund the Syrian rebels, so you could say the U.S. helped create them. Daesh’s goal is to start a religious war. They want the world to fear Islam and want them to hate it. They showed us exactly what they were capable of in Paris France. The world needs to realize that this is just aShow MoreRelatedThe Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria1702 Words   |  7 Pagesinto a post-Al Qaeda era in the Middle East, a new threat has emerged from the ashes of the 2003 invasion of Iraq and later in the 2011 war in Syria. The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS, ISIL or Daesh) has rapidly become the most pressing foreign policy concern in the Middle East for the United States. In the last four years, Daesh has gathered swaths of territory in both Iraq and Syria, although it has been driven back thanks to coalition efforts to counter t he group. The coalition in placeRead MoreThe Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria1388 Words   |  6 Pagesthere is a new extremist organization that rivals even al -Qaeda (Beauchamp 1). This terror group is named the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria., or in short, ISIS. Three years ago, ISIS did not exist but now it controls parts of Iraq and Syria and has made its own state. Terror organizations like al-Qaeda are merely terrorists groups while ISIS has captured and created their own state. ISIS is a well developed organization that has shown their handiwork repeatedly on social media and YouTube (KhederyRead MoreThe Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe Background: The Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) came to power a decade ago as a small terrorist threat that grew out of the terrorist organization Al Qaeda. When the United States began to pull its troops in the Middle East, Iraq leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, took advantage of the unstable government and reinvigorated ISIS. In just this past year, ISIS has shown us that it is more powerful than Al Qaeda by conquering oil fields and territory in Iraq and Syria with the hopes of creatingRead MoreThe Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria1746 Words   |  7 Pages The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is the newer and more intimidating version of the famous terrorist group Al Qaeda. The group makes an appearance in the news almost every day. Over the past couple of years, they have multiplied in numbers. Not limited only to the Middle East, there are people all over the world who have proclaimed allegiance to ISIS. The Islamic extremist group has set out to destroy anything or anyone that comes in their way or do not agree with what they stand for. InRead MoreThe Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria Essay794 Words   |  4 PagesMy research topic will explore the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, also known as (ISIS). I chose this topic because it has been an ongoing issue recently along with being a hot and dangerous topic. Picking this topic will help me exploit my audience and grab their attention. Before choosing this topic, I didn’t know very much about it until I did some research and realized how dangerous this Islamic group rea lly is. During my argument I will argue how ISIS has divided countries and have causedRead MoreIslamic State Of Iraq And Syria1629 Words   |  7 Pages Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is a military and political organization which is mainly led by nationals of Iraq and Syria. ISIS has committed crimes of unimaginable cruelty in Syria and Iraq but the international criminal court (ICC) does not have the power to open a case, according to Fatou Bensouda. The court was unable to prosecute because neither Syria nor Iraq were members of ICC. (ICC, 2015) Crimes which have been reported, consist of mass executions, sexual slavery, rape and otherRead MoreThe Islamic State Of Syria And Iraq2191 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction The Islamic State of Syria and Iraq (ISIS) is a radical terrorist organization which has separated itself from other terrorist organizations through its scope of violence, ability and pervasive rhetoric. Since its rise to prominence, the group has caused both localized and international turmoil and loss of civilian life. Despite the ardent failure of the United Nations and its member states to recognize the Islamic state as a legitimate state, ISIS has managed to control and establishRead MoreThe Islamic State Of Syria And Iraq1699 Words   |  7 PagesISIS; the Islamic State of Syria and Iraq better known for their mass killings, terrorist attacks, and intense regime. This group was founded in 1999, and was created by people who were former Al Qaeda members. ISIS is a group of terrorists with members positioned all over the world to carry out with mass killings. The members have been radicalized to believe irrational thoughts of killing harmless human beings. The whole world is aware of the issue, and knows that this terrorist group needsRead MoreThe Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria1308 Words   |  6 PagesCanada Should Participate in the Global Coalition to Fight ISIS The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) has made headlines throughout the globe this past year with their atrocities against religious minorities and determination to create an Islamic caliphate. They have expressed, throughout, that their primary objective is to establish a Salafist government over the Levant region of Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Cyprus, and Southern Turkey(†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦). The group controls hundreds of square miles, whereRead MoreThe Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria1647 Words   |  7 Pages The Legend on Modernist Terrorism The radical Islamic terrorist organization, recently re-titled â€Å"the Islamic State†, has existed under several names since the 1990s. Its history is an epic of how modern terrorism progressed from a religious and political ideal into an obliterating cult. The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is a properly-armed group that is a threat to the global security. ISIS, whose merciless members delight in murdering innocent people, must be destroyed before

Long Term Effects Of Reentry Programs On Reducing Juvenile...

Long-term Effects of Reentry Programs On Reducing Juvenile Recidivism By: Tiffany Gilliam La Salle University PHLT 752: Capstone I Introduction Nearly, 5% of the world s population is represented by the United who possesses 25% of the world s prisoners (Liptak, 2008). Approximately 2.2 million prisoners are awaiting pre-trial and 1.6 million post-trial inmates are incarcerated in city, state, and federal prisons throughout the United States, equating to 756 per 100,000 people incarcerated (Carson Golinelli, 2013; Exworthy et. al., 2012). Nearly 700,000 men and women are discharged from prison yearly (Mallik-Kane Visher, 2008). Recidivism places a strain on the prison by means of over crowdedness and lack of funds. Recidivism is defined as repeated arrest or incarceration. A report, by the Bureau of Justice states that over 2/3 ex-felons were re-incarcerated within three years of previous conviction; eight out of ten suffers from chronic health conditions (James Glaze, 2006). Mental illness in the United States criminal justice system is significantly prevalent. The Bureau of Justice and Statics report that approximately 7 3% of females and 55% of males are in state prisons, while 75% of females and 63% of males are in local jails (James Glaze, 2006). Within this population, female inmates represent a large portion of those incarcerated in federal prisons diagnosed with mentalShow MoreRelatedThe Transition of an Offender from Jail into the Community Essay1901 Words   |  8 PagesMany would say that offenders are hopeless and if one looks at the rate of recidivism, one would definitely think that our nation’s offenders are indeed hopeless. However, what if there was a way to reduce the rate of recidivism and at the same time rehabilitate offenders in order to make them functioning members of the community? Reentry programs that are implemented correctly cannot only reduce the rate of recidivism but at the same time help to rehabilitate an offender through education, treatmentRead MoreThe Second Chance Act Of 2007939 Words   |  4 PagesCommunity Safety through Recidivism Safety. Recidivis m became a topic of focus since increasing numbers of inmates started getting let out in the society. The key stakeholders of this act are the society at large, the inmates and especially their families (O Hear, 2007). The Second Chance Act of 2007 can be quoted as â€Å"To reauthorize the grant program for reentry of offenders into the community in the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, to improve reentry planning and implementationRead MoreComprehensive Gang And Delinquency Prevention Programs2329 Words   |  10 PagesThese comprehensive gang and delinquency prevention programs uses different techniques and to direct youth to positive alternatives. It begins at the local level by using community leaders and Club staff to discuss local gang issues, design a community-strategy and clarify each organization’s or person’s role in providing services to the youth. Meanwhile on the local level, through the system of courts, police, other juvenile justice agencies, schools, social service agencies and community organizationsRead MorePrison : Recidivism And Reentry3158 Words   |  13 PagesWomen in Prison: Recidivism and Reentry The study of recidivism amongst women in prison is important because most research focuses on the male population. The reasons for the â€Å"revolving door† phenomenon are different for women; therefore, their treatment should be more gender focused and specific to their needs. Judging by the rates at which women recidivate, you could assume that somewhere along the way the system has failed them. What role does drug use, motherhood, mental health, physicalRead MorePrison : Recidivism And Reentry3158 Words   |  13 PagesWomen in Prison: Recidivism and Reentry The study of recidivism amongst women in prison is important because most research focuses on the male population. The reasons for the â€Å"revolving door† phenomenon are different for women; therefore, their treatment should be more gender focused and specific to their needs. Judging by the rates at which women recidivate, you could assume that somewhere along the way the system has failed them. What role does drug use, motherhood, mental health, physicalRead MoreMentoring Program to Reduce Juvenile Recidivism4170 Words   |  17 Pagescited as at risk for committing long-term community problems like rise in crime due to substance abuse, school drop-out and several forms of academic failures, delinquencies, criminal offenses and unemployment (e.g. Grisso, Vincent Seagrave, 2005; Champion Mays, 1991; Fellmeth, 2002). 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The most successful community-based programs are those that have huge family interactions, probably because they focus on providing skills to the adults who are in the best positionRead MoreEssay about Recidivism: Prison and Ex-offenders2347 Words   |  10 PagesThe Argumentative Research Paper Melissa Walker (an acquaintance of the author) sits within the walls of her concrete cell at Fluvanna Correctional Center for Women (FCCW). Walker is making a contribution to this year’s recidivism rate. She was released from prison in 2008 after serving seven years of confinement. Sadly to say, this year she reoffended by stealing credit card information from her â€Å"Productive Citizenship† instructor. Her new charges are credit card theft, forgery, as well asRead MoreDo Prisons Work Essay example2876 Words   |  12 PagesIncarceration and Treatment Programs. Critically examine the Current Treatment Programs offered and Subsequent Impact on Recidivism upon Individuals being released globally and WA specifically. This study will examine the effectiveness of current prison treatment programs in Australia, New Zealand, South East Asia, United States of America in rehabilitating or reforming an individual and coinciding recidivism rates upon a prisoners release. Prison based treatment programs for sex offenders inRead MoreThe Economic Effects Of Overpopulated Prisons1500 Words   |  6 Pages The Economic Effects of Overpopulated Prisons in the United States: Christopher Polinsky, Ronald Stewart, Ryan Thornton, and Skipper Schuyler Southern Illinois University at Carbondale Prepared for Dr. Kasthuri Henry ESTIS Visiting Assistant Professor September 25, 2016 Of the nearly nine million people incarcerated worldwide, the United States houses over two million inmates in its federal, state, and local facilities. While the goal of the judicial system is to enforce the law

Bbarfree Free Essays

The results of these investigations help to eve beyond â€Å"common sense† knowledge and individual experience to understanding larger complex social issues and processes. This course will introduce students to the various sociological research methods used to explore diverse social processes, as well as methods of inquiry, strategies and tools used by social researchers. Students will also be introduced to the philosophical foundations of research methods and the practical, theoretical and ethical concerns for conducting both quantitative and qualitative social research. We will write a custom essay sample on Bbarfree or any similar topic only for you Order Now Course Objectives By the end of the course, students will be able to understand: . The foundations of sociological research b. Various methods used in sociological research c. How data is collected and interpreted to form theoretical arguments d. The steps involved in designing a sociological research project Required Readings 1 . Research Methods: Exploring the Social World First Edition by Diane Cymbal’s. A hardcopy of the textbook or an e-book option is available for purchase at the Brock Campus Store. 2. There may be additional seminar readings available on Assai. These readings will be identified on the seminar schedule posted Assai. Course Evaluation 1. In class test #1 (Cot 2, material covered from Septet 11 to Septet 25) 25% 2. In class test #2 (Novo 6, material covered from Cot 9 to Cot 30) 25% 3. Written Assignment (due Novo 20) 10%4. Take home exam (essay format, distributed November 27) 30% 5. Seminar participation Please note: Detailed explanations of course evaluation and expectations will be posted on Assai and discussed in class and/or seminar. In addition, brief lecture outlines will be posted On Assai prior to lecture. Seminar Schedule: A seminar schedule will be posted on Assai. It will outline he weekly seminar expectations, readings, possible discussion questions and assignments. There are 8 seminars in total. Successful completion of this course will depend on your engaged presence at all seminars. You are expected to read the assigned material in advance of the corresponding seminar. Accessibility: Please notify the professor if you have accessibility issues and concerns. These concerns will be passed on to accessibility@brocku. Ca. Also, for more information please go to http://www. Brocks. Ca/accessibility. Class changes or cancellations: Any changes or cancellations of lectures, miners, and office hours will be posted on Assai and/or announced in class and/or emailed to students. Late Submissions are subject to a penalty of 2% per day, except for the take- home exam which is 5% per day, including weekends, unless arrangements have been made with the course instructor. An assignment, for example, that would have received a grade of 80 % (A-) submitted 2 days late, will receive a grade of 76% (B). The student should be prepared to provide some form of official documentation, such as a doctor’s note, to support any request for an extension. Also, it is advisable to keep an extra copy of any written assignment due for this course. Grading (from Brock University Undergraduate Calendar) A+: 90 – 100 work of outstanding quality that provides clear evidence of a rare talent for the subject and of an original and/or incisive mind A: 80 – 89 excellent, accurate work that demonstrates a certain flair for and comprehension of the subject. B: 70-79 competent work that shows a sound grasp of the course goals without being distinguished C: 60 – 69 work of adequate quality that suffers from incompleteness or inaccuracy D: 50 – 59 the minimum requirements of a course are barely satisfied F: 49 or lower minimum requirements have not been met, and no credit has been given for the course Academic Misconduct: Because academic integrity is vital to the well-being of the university community, Brock University takes academic misconduct very seriously. Academic misconduct includes plagiarism, which involves presenting the words and ideas of another person as if they were your own, and other forms of cheating such as using crib notes during a test or fabricating data for a seminar assignment. The penalties for academic misconduct can be very severe. A grade of zero may be given for the assignment Or even for the Course, and a second offense may result in suspension from the university. Students are urged to read the section of the Brock University Undergraduate Calendar that pertains to academic misconduct. How to cite Bbarfree, Papers

Effects of the atomic bomb Essay Example For Students

Effects of the atomic bomb Essay Nuclear / Particle Physics Effects of the atomic bomb Essays on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Ever since the dawn of time man has found new ways of killing each other. The most destructive way of killing people known to man would have to be the atomic bomb. The reason why the atomic bomb is so destructive is that when it is detonated, it has more than one effect. The effects of the atomic bomb are so great that Nikita Khrushchev said that the survivors would envy the dead (International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, 1982). These devastating physical effects come from the atomic bombs blast, the atomic bombs thermal radiation, and the atomic bombs nuclear radiation. The Japanese were not following the Geneva convention in regards to treatment of prisoners of war. Which says that the prisoners are not to be put through torture of the psychological or physical nature. The Japanese did these things anyway, they would decapitate American prisoners, or they would shove bamboo shoots under their fingernails. The American government also wanted revenge for the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. No warning was given by the Japanese to the Americans and no war was declared until after the incident. The Russian territorial expansion definitely played a factor in the dropping the bomb on Japan. The Soviet Union had already taken Poland and many other countries during the war. The Soviets were helping the Chinese with the war against Japan and later would get railroads in China and Manchuria when Japan completely surrendered, as stated in document D. As said in document E, the Americans did not want the Russians to get involved in the war against Japan. The most obvious reasons would be to prevent the Russians from expanding any more and to keep them out of Japan where they would hamper the peace process and gain even more territory. As president Harry Truman says in his radio address, document H, all of the countries involved were trying to create the atomic bomb to use for their efforts. Fortunately the Americans won the race of discovery. If the Germans had won that race they probably would have used it continuously in Russia and Britain until Hitler got what he wanted which was world domination and the extinguishing of the Jewish and others and the ascent of his superior race of Germans. The dropping of the atomic weapon on Japan was not entirely to halt Soviet expansion although it did play a major role. Bibliography: .

A Guide To The Tibet Vacation Industry Tourism Essays

A Guide To The Tibet Vacation Industry Tourism Essays A Guide To The Tibet Vacation Industry Tourism Essay A Guide To The Tibet Vacation Industry Tourism Essay The Tourism industry is originating at a really fast rate and now conveying down some of the most distant and astonishing topographic points on Earth, traveling to boundaries on travels that are psychological and geographical.Now a yearss a common adult male can come across the position of touristry, their is no more a luxury or simple sight seeing. Geographic appendages is named has the touristry systems are the agreement of people, topographic points and organisations in peculiar functions. Five common elements which are synergistic to environments are posed for many of the touristry systems. Tourism is besides called tourer section non merely made up of hotels, air hoses. Tourist section is described as a system of major constituent associated together in a familiar and interdependent relationship. Geographic elements in whole touristry systems acts as five elements.The five elements of touristry system are Traveller Generating Regions ( TGR ) , the Transit Routes ( TR ) and the Tourist Destination Regions ( TDR ) Tourism Industries and Tourist these have been likewise broken down them below the determine variours environments. Tourism growing can non be loosely understood unless the other elements, TGR and TR, every bit good as the environments act uponing in each part. What is Tourism The touristry really finding can be hard defined in many ways. Peoples going and remaining in topographic points off from their common envirnorment for non more than one consecutive twelvemonth for leisure, concern or other intents is called toursim. Tourism is a moral force and competitory industry that requires the power to ever adujust the clients changing demands and hopes for the client s satisfaction, the focal point of the touristry concern is safety and enjoyment of the clients. The different types of toursim are, Inbound touristry Out edge touristry Domestic touristry Inbound touristry: Inbound touristry is the international tourers sing to another state. Outbound touristry: The people going from our state to another state is called outbond touristry. Domestic touristry: The tourer travel with in the state is called domestic touristry. Harmonizing to Leiper the touristry can be defined as the theories and patterns for being a tourer. This affects going and sing topographic points for leisure-related purposes. Tourism consists of thoughts and feelings people hold which portion their decisions about traveling on activities, approximately where to travel and where non to travel and what to make or non to make about how to concern other tourers, locals and service forces. hypertext transfer protocol: //wiki.answers.com/Q/What_main_components_comprise_the_basic_whole_tourism_system This paper aims to analyze the touristry section in item and concentrate on how macro environment effects the section and brings approximately important alterations in the touristry section both positive and negative. The Tibet touristry section has been taken up for survey Thibet On the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the southwest boundary line of China Tibet lies. Tibet lies on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the southwest boundary line of China. Tibet is called Roof of the World and its mean tallness of the part is more than 4,000 metres above sea degree. The highest extremum of Tibet, in Himalayas and in the whole universe is Everest Peak of height 8,846.27 metres above sea degree. Tibet has their ain alone civilization a portion of China. It is mojarly populated by Tibetans and mysterious people has a minority nationality of old. The Potala Palace in Lhasa, Jokhang Temple, and Buddhist sacred places are attracted by tourer. Tibet ( Xi Zang in Chinese ) is surrounded by Xin Jiang Uygur independent Region and Qing Hai Province to the South, Sichuan to the West, Yunnan to the Northwest and Nepal, India to the north.Different sort of civilization groups including Tibetan, Han, Monba and Lhota the population of Tibet is 2.3 million. Lhasa is the capital metropolis of Tibet. Assorted sorts of unusual and alone animate beings are present in Northwest of Tibet chiefly in Qing Hai tableland. In the northern country of Tibet animate beings like Equus caballus, yack and sheep move freely because of immense grasslands. In the east Tibet lowest vale of the universe, the Grand Yarlun-tzanpo river vale lies. Lamaism is followed by Tibetans exclusion of about 2,000 follows Islam and 600 follows Catholicism. In the earlier times Tibetan Buddhism was really much influnced by Indian Buddhism subsequently Tibetan Buddhism has extremely developed there ain typical qualities and patterns. They hav a belief that there is a life Buddha who is metempsychosis of the first foreigner to Chinese Buddhism. The tourer visit Tibet merely in warmest seasons becuase its is stop deading down cold most clip of the twelvemonth, so people visit in June, July, August and early September. How does the Tourism section operate? Tibet has many WATSs to see but it experiences in merely one manner. The Tibet travel leading of 9years has the trade name Tibet Travel Expert was which is a travel bureau from the tibet Tourism Bureau Shanghai Office and Shanghai Odyssey Travel on Himalaya circuit scope and escapade field. We have a passinate boosters of Tibet touristry since 1996 offering the professional and expertness service for the foreign tourers from resident of China. The trade name was basking its pride in China and overseas. In Lhasa Tibet Travel Expert Operator centre is a opertored by Shanghai as publicity centre and it is best land operator to Tibet. They offer How to use the Alien s Travel Permit Online engagements on Tibet circuit Planing for trip to Tibet Travel solution adviser service of Tibet Culture and faith Tourss offering a position of Tibetan nature Hiking and going Tourss offering facets of local people s life and actual natural state Outstanding landscape along Yunan-Tibet, Sichuan-Tibet, etc offered jaunt Tourss. In China at Birds observation, flowers watching and more Fieldss are geographic expedition Tourss. Many organisations are afflicated with the section of toursim The professional organistions that are linked with Tibet Tours and Travels to give good quality and service to clients. Department of Tourism, Majesty s Govt. of Nepal Registration No. is: R 585/056/57. Brikutimandap in Kathmandu is the base of touristry section. How does rank intends the clients: Tibet got blessing from the Govt. of Nepal to run as a travel bureau by following rigorous regulations and ordinances. Tourism is supervised and sacrifises the licence for any harm to the touristry industry or harmful to authorities. By this it provides good sevices and caring attack towards our clients. Tourism Board of Nepal: For the publicity of touristry in Nepal board is set up and 2 % of gross is added from all the members. What this rank means to our clients: Promotional activities attempted from clip to clip otherwise it would be difficult and expansive. Tourist can be acessed with information and to take portion in several menus and cultural events organised by the NTB. Nepal Association of Tour and Travel Agents ( NATTA ) : To publicize its growing and development, safeguard the tourer from development by undependable agents and to protect the travel trade concern this organisation is established in 1996. NATTA is chief representative of touristry industry. Pacific Asia Travel Association ( PATA ) : PATA is a authorization on Pacfic Asia travel and touristry found in 1951. The conventional function of the merchandise development and selling support for the finishs strategical endeavors for the long-run verve of the industry. What this rank means to our clients: PATA is prestige symbol but it besides assists in constructing confidence between the travel trade members and the general tourist.To strengthen quality and services rank should hold its ain set of regulations, guidelines and norms. Japan Association of Travel Agents ( JATA ) ( To prize and continue irreplaceable nature, valued resources and cultural assets, to protect our Earth for following coevals is JATA s principal. What this rank means to our clients: To the members of JATA the ends are charm heterosexual to the bosom and heads. ( Members purely adhere to its ends becuase it is a esteemed organisation. Nepal, Tibet, Bhutan and Sikkim are pleasant parts. Animal, works, and good natural beauty should be protect in which our hereafter lies. To protect the beautiful Earth costomer should presevre and care. What Can I see in Tibet ( There is no manner to depict the cryptic province of Tibet simple words and Tibet is merely called has Shangri La, or The Rooftop of the World . ( Tibet is a amazing topographic point where the adult male made and natural topographic points are breathtaking, people of Tibet smiling more comparison to the remainder universe. There is lengendary thing that people of Tibet welcomes the visitants with a unfastened weaponries and with a cordial reception. One can acquire a ocular dainty of the followers in Tibet Lhasa s Potala Palace Tibetan political relations are of the traditional place to the Dalai Lama and the traditional centre. Jokhang Temple Golden roofs in a four narrative composite. The whole composite is viewed from the Centre of the temple s square. Barkhor Street Bowing down themselves on the land and walking twenty-four hours and dark opportunity in a clockwise way whirling supplication wheels Piligrims appears. Drepung Monastry In Tibet the most impressive and most importantreligious abode. Thangka pictures ( These are Tibetan coil painting signifier, Buddhist pictures and these are celebrated for centuries. And assorted facets of Tibetan civilization Macro Environment ( All factors that determine an organisation included by the macro environment are out of its direct control. The continous alteration of environment should be adustable to the company. In the markets there may be fast turning competition. The menace of replacement merchandises and new entrants is agencies toward the globalisation. The merchandise means in environment is the more you pay for alters in political relations, civilization, engineering and economic sciences. The rate of growing in Tourism industry is really fast. ( For People s nucleus beliefs or values changes the cultural.All play a portion in determining one s civilization in how people show themselves, others, organisations, society, nature. When companies working in the market topographic point should take some rules under circumstance. Laws, regulations, and authorities policies dertemined or bound serval companies or organisations in market prevarications under the political environment. For the good society authorities frames bounds and ordinances guaranting that they hav free and just markets. New markets and new Oppurtunities for concern is created by new technolgy. New engineering stands top by giving importance to old and immature for the concern. The companies should update the merchandises and services so that they wont miss the chances and markets that engineering brings. In visible radiation of Tibet s touristry the following airs a menace of which the touristry section has no control over. One of them is come ining Tibet via Nepal Particularly they affect independent travel by the T.A.R. efficaciously changed following some perturbations are the regulations for going to Lhasa in April 2007 and in May 2007. The state of affairs is volatile and changeable.Basically, regulations that have been happening and effectives in suspension for old ages have been applied once more, so that travellers on to the full organizing Autonomous Region Tourss are the lone 1s officially allows to come in the T.A.R. T.A.R. standing for Tibetan. Tourism as the constructs of terrorist act, political convulsion, and war appear misrelated. ( By examing thier point of intersection and affects on touristry discloses. By examing the paper literature concentrating on the relationships between these developments. There would be impact of terrorist and political imbalance, demands of terrorists in taking tourers, utilizing touristry as a political tool this effects of political force on finish image, occassion direction, and recovery selling attempts.For the hereafter research suggestions are the purpose of this article is to synthesise research on these relationships to demo a comprehensive index of applicabe publications. Market Mix Definition Merchandise, monetary value, topographic point and publicity are the planned mix of the governable elements of merchandises marketing program. While bring forthing optimal income, these elements are attuned until a right merger is found that serves the demands of the merchandise s clients. Sometime s presentation is substituted in topographic point of the first P ( merchandise ) After Neil H. Borden published his 1964 article the term selling mix became popularized.The Concept of the Marketing Mix. James Culliton had described the selling director as a sociable of ingredient after that Borden began utilizing the term in his instruction in the late 1940 s merchandise planning, pricing, stigmatization, distribution channels, personal merchandising, advertisement, publicities, packaging, show, service, physical handling, and fact determination and analysis are the ingredients in Borden s selling mix which are included. These four classs were grouped together by E. Jerome McCarthy The Marketing Mix ( The internal and external restraints of the selling environment is the topic of the four P s are the parametric quantities controls the selling director. ( Targeting to bring forth a positive response and to make a perceived value, makes determinations that centre fourP s on the client. Merchandise Decisions. The Tangible is reffered by the term merchandise , strong arm merchandises every bit good as services. ( Examples for theproduct determinations are Brand name Functionalityl Styling Safety Boxing Repairs and Support Guarantee Monetary value Decisions The followers are some of the countries where pricing determinations can be made Pricing scheme ( skim, incursion, et degree Celsius. ) Suggested retail monetary value volume price reductions and sweeping pricing Cash and early payment price reductions Seasonal pricing Bundling Price flexibleness cubic decimeter Monetary value favoritism Distribution ( Place ) Decisions Distribution is the procedure of reassigning the merchandises to the clients. The distribution determinations can be made in the undermentioned countries. Distribution channels Market coverage ( inclusive, selective, or sole distribu ion ) Specific channel members Inventory direction Warehousing Distribution Centres Order processing Transportation system Reverse logistics Promotion Decisions In selling of any merchandise, the publicity of the merchandise plays a major function in acquiring a positive response from the client. The publicity of the merchandise can include assorted facets related to the information about the merchandise. Some of the communicating determinations that can be implemented in selling L Promotional scheme ( push, pull, et. ) Ad Personal merchandising A ; gross revenues force Gross saless publicities Public dealingss A ; publi ity Marketing communications budget Restrictions of the Marketing Mix Framework The selling mix model was really advantageous in the initial phases of selling construct, where the major part of economic system was represented by physical merchandises. Soon, selling is being given the highest precedence by most of the organisations as there is a wider scope of merchandises and market. Some of the writers have tried to spread out the benifites of the selling hole model by adding the 5th P such as packaging, people, procedure etc. In the current market, the selling mix is still remains to be based on the 4 P s. Although this model has its ain limitaions, it is still being widely used because of its simpleness. Besides, it has stood as the foundation for many selling text editions. The Tourism Product Marketing Mix The error which has been made by many little concerns is specifying marketing every bit merely a agency of publicity and advertisement. But in world, Selling is such a immense construct that can be applied to every sector including the touristry concern. The whole intent of selling is to do the clients buy the merchandise by fulfilling them with the services of the product.The selling can be done in an effectual manner by cognizing the demands of the client and the agencies to supply them. The majpority of the merchandises in the market have been catogorised into four wide countries in the Marketing Mix.The most common definition for the Marketing Mix is given by the four Ps ( Product, Price, Promotion, and Place ) . As touristry merchandise Marketing Mix includes primary services in add-on to the traditional, three other countries of some peculiar importance are required. The most apt nature of the touristry merchandise is illustrated in the undermentioned illustration: Explanation: Any scheduled flight will will follow the going and arrival timings whether the flight is half filled or full to its capacity. After the takeoff of the plane the left out seats are considered as The people who come to see the Western Cape will come to see the civilization and heritage of the state and other topographic points. As accomadation is an of import component in the visit, by happening out the right ways of pulling the tourers, the experience can be made better for the visitants. Every person wishes to see more than one topographic point due to several reasons.But a visit depends upon the topographic point which is in the top topographic point in the list and the experience which he derives by sing it. A individual decides his holiday trip based on the followers Vacations: Long trips off from place lasting for a continuance of 1 month Interruptions: Trips off from place lasting for a continuance of 1-4 hebdomads Short Interruptions: Quick refreshments to a really close topographic point Explanation: Factors which affect the individual s determinations Outgo Time available Number of household menbers Interest in the topographic point Percept of experience Asingle adult female who is making a high force per unit area occupation can look for particular trades on weekend.So, by get offing her, the particular priced accomadations can easy catch her attending and motivate her to book for it. The challenge faced by touristry sellers is to give the right triggers to the right visitants at the right clip. Review harmonizing to the China economic system March 2, 2010: A The touristry Revenue in Tibet have undegone 6 % addition with at least a 4 % rise in tourer reachings during the 10-day Tibetan new twelvemonth vacation harmonizing to the regional touristry authorization. It has been estimated that atleast 115,487 tourers might hold visited the Tibet Autonomous Region in southwest China from Feb. 13 to 22, with a rate of addition at 4.3 % from the same period last twelvemonth. This in a imperativeness release from the regional touristry administration.A Harmonizing to the same release, it was reported that the vacation travel haste brought in $ 11.7 million US dollars of touristry income over the 10 yearss, up 6 % year-on-year.A An norm of 2000 tourers have become a portion of Himalayan folk civilization festival to observe the Tibetan Year of Iron Tiger and the Chinese New Year on Feb. 14. A Harmonizing to the touristry dept The Tibetan tourer functionaries were sensible plenty in puting their marks for the twelvemonth 2007. They have decided to increase the occupation opportunitites for local people and local train circuit guides.In add-on, they took appropriate steps for the development of the rural touristry which is poplular in India, South Africa and China. It is estimated that the rural touristry will derive a net income of 435 million US dollars throughout the twelvemonth. This can be achieved by welcoming atleeast 3 million foreign tourers and besides, by promoting the locals to pass more. The success of the system is based upon three factors. The first two factors depend upon the completion of the undertakings that were constructed last twelvemonth and the 3rd component lies in the statistics of the old old ages. The recent old ages have shown a consistent addition in the figure of visitants to Tibet, but in the twelvemonth 2006, there has been an outstanding addition by 29 % . Throughout the universe, Tibet is known for its utmost beauty with universe s largest mountains, civilization and its green landscape. Even the Namco, the worls d largest salt H2O lake is said to hold the power of mending the sorrows and strivings of the tourers. The ground behind the sudden reaching of people to Tibet in the last twelvemonth is because of the gap of the Qinghai-Tibet railroad. Air passages and roadways were the lone agencies of conveyance for the people of China and other neighboring states to this part before its gap. This railways has provided the cheapest and safest tranport means to this topographic point. The official gap of the Tibet 3rd airdrome took topographic point after a few months subsequently. The above statistics show that Marketing mix has been has been done truly good and the the touristry industry is a roar in Tibet despite certain political state of affairss Topographic point Distribution: It is meant that how good you can advance your merchandise in the market. It is divided into two chief sectors as: Direct Distribution: Here the industry will manage and pull off the full touristry merchandise to the market. For case, you might necessitate some personal merchandising accomplishments if you are seeking to pull attending to the concern for an airdrome transportation shuttle company. You may run into some latent clients in their offices in such instances. Indirect Distribution: Here, the industry may non make the market by some direct agencies. For case, you may pull some touristry agency and authorization and they ll be doing engagements for you. Hey might besides set some latent clients to hold a contact with you straight. Procedure: Assorted methods are used in order to run a touristry concern. For case, preparation, planning, disposal, buying, recruiting and presenting the service. One should do certain about the methods are pre- planned absolutely and in a proper manner, so that the functionalities go through really swimmingly. Anyhow, the jobs should be solved instantly. For illustration, a eating house ever requires an well-organized dorsum and forepart office so that the clients should non experience uncomfortable and provided the convenience should be there for the clients. The service bringing is affected by the turnover of the eating house, staff civilization, distributers, providers, ill foliages. In order to supply the best service one should do certain that all the methods are implemented in an appropriate and in a proper manner. Peoples: In the concern of touristry, the service contributes to a major portion of the merchandise offering. Service is one of the countries in which the touristry can make good. So, the service is a really critical component for the publicity of the touristry industry. The service can be made effectual by guaranting the staff covering with the clients and first-class client service. Internal selling is the pattern of marketing one s ain concern through the employees in the organisation. It is normally practiced in many service oriented organisations. It is important to guarantee that the staff are committed to the company and its policies. In order to transport out the concern in the right manner, the staff should be familiar with the ends and aims of the concerns. The professionalism in the staff can be increased by giving a better preparation and wagess for the deserving campaigners. Regular treatments should be made with the staff in order to convey out the betterments in the merchandises. Physical grounds: The physical grounds of a touristry merchandise depends upon the quality and scope of operations. Tangibalising the merchandise is one of the best ways of giving positive hints to the clients. For illustration, if a shuttle service is runned by some company, so it is really of import to keep the vehicles clean at all times. Elementss like quality, decor, layout and milieus are really of import for the publicity of the merchandise. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.tibet-travels.com/professional-affiliations.php hypertext transfer protocol: //www.tibet-tour.com/tibet/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.chinaodysseytours.com/Tibet/what-to-see.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.gobackpacking.com/Blog/2007/08/02/the-challenges-of-entering-tibet-from-nepal/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sciencedirect.com/science? _ob=ArticleURL A ; _udi=B6V7Y-3TGNGWS-7 A ; _user=10 A ; _coverDate=04 % 2F30 % 2F1998 A ; _rdoc=1 A ; _fmt=high A ; _orig=search A ; _sort=d A ; _docanchor= A ; view=c A ; _searchStrId=1239933936 A ; _rerunOrigin=google A ; _acct=C000050221 A ; _version=1 A ; _urlVersion=0 A ; _userid=10 A ; md5=7f6d00bfaefc7e8451a4af802bd5c5e2 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.chinaeconomicreview.com/china-eye/2010_03_02/Tibet_tourism_looking_better.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.tourism-review.com/article/150-tibet-strives-for-3-million-tourists

ROLE OF ELECTION COMMISSION IN ENSURING FREE AND FAIR ELECTION AND DET

ROLE OF ELECTION COMMISSION IN ENSURING FREE AND FAIR ELECTION AND DET Research Dissertation On ROLE OF ELECTION COMMISSION IN ENSURING FREE AND FAIR ELECTION AND DETERRENCE OF DISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF CASTE AND RELIGION Submitted to: Amity Institute of Advanced Legal Studies (AIALS), Amity University Uttar Pradesh IN PART FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF LAWS (LLM) Submitted by: 2014-2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents Page No. 1. Chapter-1 Introduction Outline of role of election commission in ensuring free and fair election Theory of State Theory of Democracy Government and Politics in India 2. Chapter-2 Framework of Election Commission of India Electoral system Constitutional status of ECI Reservation in legislative bodies 3. Chapter-3 Legislative Framework Relating to Election Election Process Representation of People Act(Amendment and validation) Bill, 2013 President and Vice-President Act 4. Chapter-4 Election Disputes and Issues Free and Fair Elections Registration of Political Parties MCC- Model Code of Conduct Election Expenditure Election Offences: Penal Laws Anti-Defection Laws Election Petition 5. Chapter-5 Political and Religious Influence on Elections- An Analytical Overview Vote Bank Politics Religious impact on Election Discrimination on the basis of caste its aftermaths 6. Chapter-6 Conclusion and Suggestions Table of cases Bibliography. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 OUTLINE OF ROLE OF ELECTION COMMISSION IN ENSURING FREE AND FAIR ELECTION The Election Commission of India is an independent and self-governing body, established under federal authority. It is responsible for administering all the electoral processes in India. Under the supervision of the commission, free and fair elections have been held in India at regular intervals as per the principles enshrined in the Constitution. The Election Commission has the power of superintendence, direction and control of all elections to the Parliament of India and the State Legislatures and of elections to the office of the President of India and the Vice-President of India. Elections are conducted according to the constitutional provisions and other laws made to that effect by the Parliament. The major laws in this regard are Representation of the People Act, 1950, which mainly deals with the preparation and revision of electoral rolls; the Representation of the People Act, 1951 which deals with all aspects of conduct of election disputes in detail. These disputes include the post-election disputes. The Supreme Court of India has held that where the enacted laws are silent or make insufficient provisions to deal with a given situation in the conduct of elections, the Election Commission has the residuary powers under the Constitution to act in an appropriate manner. One of the most important features of the democratic polity is elections at regular intervals. Holding intervallic free and fair elections are essentials of democratic system. It is a part of the basic structure of the Constitution. The Election Commission is regarded as the guardian of free and fair elections. In every election, it issues a Model code of Conduct for political parties and candidates to conduct elections in a free and fair manner. The Commission issued the code for the first time in 1971 and revised it from time to time. It laid down guidelines for conduct of political parties and manner of candidature during elections. However, there occur instances of violation of code by the political parties and misuse of official machinery by the candidates. The need for such code is in the interest of free and fair elections. However, the code does not have any specific statutory basis. It has only a persuasive effect. It only contains rules of electoral morality". But this lack of statutory backing does not prevent the Commission from enforcing it. A law regarding the registration process for political parties was enacted in 1989 and many parties got registered with the Commission. It was effective in avoiding the confusion of the administrative machinery and the electorate and ensuring that political parties are brought under the purview of the Election Commission. Also, in order to get rid of the growing corrupt influence of money during elections, the Election Commission has made many suggestions in this regard. The Election Commission has fixed the legal limits on the amount of money which a candidate can spend during election campaigns. These limits have been revised from time to time. The other measures have also been taken by the Election Commission in order to ensure free and fair elections. Modern methods such as introduction of EVMs- Electronic Voting Machines, supervision of electoral candidature, etc. are some of the basic steps taken by the Commission so as to develop the process of election on

Business Expansion and Sustainability Research Paper - 1

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How has Denmark influenced European policymaking in Environmental Research Paper

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Automation Technologies in IT Organisations

Automation Technologies in IT Organisations Most IT organizations would have several automation technologies in use. Scripting would be the most popular method of automation in IT. Automation is the connecting of different systems and software in a way that they become self-operating. Examples of these systems used are: Artificial Neural Network Distributed Control System Programmable Logic Controllers Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Intelligent Automation In many organizations, automation could be used for data centre operations and batch processing of large files. This would do away with the need for IT employees during this period, with the I.T professionals only being required if a processing situation accoutred. This use of mechanical and electronic equipment will decrease the need for human interaction Distributed Control systems control action is distributed and monitoring is centralised. The whole system of controllers is linked by networks for communication and monitoring. It a designed control system used to control complex, large, and geographically distributed applications in industrial processes. It divide a large application into multiple smaller subsystems, each of which carries out a portion of the application, and allow these subsystems to communicate with one another. Distributed control systems have advanced from two older technologies, direct digital control, and hybrid control. (Siemens, 2007) Distributed controllers are linked to field devices and operating PCs through high speed communication networks. Discrete field devices such as sensors and actuators are directly connected to input and output controller modules through communication bus. These field devices or smart instruments can communicate with PLCs or other controllers while interacting with real world parameters like temperature, pressure, etc. (robo, 2016) Discrete Control Systems features Can process complex processes System redundancy Scalable platform System security (robo, 2016) says An important concept in a DCS is the of breaking down of software into smaller logical parts, independent of system hardware. This makes system design much more effective as the software is smaller. This makes it easier to write, debug and maintain than the larger programs in computer and PLC systems An automated system doesnt learn from previous experiences, a simple example of this would be an email spam filter. Occasionally, vital emails wind up in the spam folder while spam emails gets past the filter (Rouse, 2012). Intelligent automation is helps to solve this errors. The benefits would not just be cost reduction but can lead to Accountability Efficiency Predictability Greater scale Product innovations Intelligent automation is changing the way business is done and has progressed substantially in recent years. These new developments is to have a massive impact in the world of work. IBM has announced a $1 billion investment to commercialize its Watson cognitive computing technology. (Deloitte, 2015) Systems and software can detect and produce enormous amounts of data that then automates the entire processes, adapts, and improves.   Application variety from the essentials to the ground-breaking. These can be anything from data analysis to unmanned self-driving cars.   Intelligent automation software needs to understand your business developments and their variations. It has to take into account that data when performing automated business developments authentication to verify that the correct business result happens. The variety of business difficulties in which these services and software can be used on the increase as new technologies for voice recognition, natural language processing, and machine learning advance. They can be used by most people and are gradually becoming accessible as open source or low-cost products. Employee resistance (worker displacement) Less versatility by having a machine that can perform a certain task limits to the flexibility and variety of tasks that an employee could do. High Cost of upgraded machines can be expensive, operating costs and maintenance for this equipment will add extra cost. Machines can be anywhere between thousands and millions of euro depending on the automation. Increase in unemployment more advanced automation will leave more people out of work. Unpredictable costs there can be several unpredictable costs that may exceed the actual cost saved by the automation itself. Some of these costs could include research and development costs of automating a process, preventative maintenance costs, and the cost of training employees to operate automated machines. The technologies are starting to become available and if applied correctly and it can lead to opportunities for the future. The opportunity could be beneficial for workers, doing away with repetitive and dangerous work in all forms. This could lead for people having a higher standard of living and a better way of life. Business benefits would not only be cost reduction over time but can better use the highly skilled workers in other project critical areas. It would lead to faster and better results, better services and products. Deloitte. (2015, 03). deloitte.com. Retrieved from deloitte.com: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/us/Documents/about-deloitte/us-ibm-watson-client.pdf robo, d. (2016). automationforum. Retrieved from http://www.automationforum.co/2016/04/introduction-to-dcs-distributed-control.html Rouse, M. (2012). TechTarget. Retrieved from http://searchitoperations.techtarget.com/definition/IT-automation Siemens. (2007). http://leadwise.mediadroit.com/files/7405DCS_PLC_WP.pdf. Retrieved from http://leadwise.mediadroit.com/files/7405DCS_PLC_WP.pdf

Child Marriage Essay

Child marriage is India is an important human rights violation because many girls are suffering throughout their marriage. Girls’ ages 3-18 marry older men ages 30-80. Parents send their daughters to get married because they need money to help their family. It is very depressing to see young girls marry a stranger they never met. The addition problem with child marriage is their health risks. One solution is, people in India need to show a documentaries to the government of how many girls suffers in child marriage. Secondly, the government in India should make a law banning parents from forcing a child marriage. In addition, women in India should be united. Finally, a way to prevent child marriage is education. This is important to me because this is a human rights violation and child marriage needs to stop immediately. The addition problem with child marriage is their health risk. Once when they get married girls are taken to their husband’s household, where they need to be accepted as a wife. While they are with their husband in a new environment rather than being with their family, this can cause them depression. They will feel rejected and lonely that they missed their families. Girls who were married before 18 were twice as likely to report being beaten, slapped, or threatened by their husbands as girls who married later. They don’t have power over the men for their decisions but if they do, they’ll get beaten by their husbands. If they escape from their marriage, husbands will get them back. For example: One journalist named Stephanie went to a hospital and saw many young girls that are beaten, burned, and have cuts in their skin by their husbands. The girl told Stephanie she didn’t want to be with her husband because he’s being very cruel to her and he beat her when she broke his favorite TV. To be abused can be a health risk. Another health risk is girls underage get pregnant. Girls ages 3-18 often feel raped because they don’t want to have sex with their husbands. In addition, Young girls ages 9-19 are giving birth causing them a big health risk. For example, â€Å"girls that are younger in 12 years  old, died giving birth and some who are not gets miscarriage. Mostly important of all, they get HIV infections and died giving birth during their younger age.â₠¬  (Childline) Secondly, people in India need to show documentaries to the Government of how many girls suffered in child marriage. If one person in India shows their government their documentaries everything will change. Let’s say the government saw a documentary about girls living a hard life in India throughout their child marriage. For example, they viewed death or girls that were beaten by their husband and died during child birth. This will show the Government how girls were suffering. For example, the girl who is named Bibi Aisha, told her father that she did not want to get married to a stranger. Her new husband and her father took her to the mountains and cut her nose and her ears. She did not know where the blood is coming from she said. (Too Young to Wed: The Secret World of Child Brides). But it’s very depressing how hard she has to accept the child marriage because of her father and her family. Girls in young ages don’t understand why their parents are sending them to marriage and are afraid to say no. Girls who got married are living a hard life like pregnancy. Today young girls ages 9-19 die giving birth and have miscarriages. Husband’s get furious with their wives and kill or abuse them. This is the documentary should be shown to the Government how these girls are suffering so the Government can change the law and help the girls too. If no one made any documentary in India to show the Government then child marriage will continue in every generation. The Government should enforce the law for not banning parents from forcing child marriage. Many young girls are forced to married by their parents. If they say no to their parents, their parents will abuse them and kept forcing them. The reason that they send their child to marriage is because they don’t have any money to feed for their family. For example, many girls kept saying no they don’t want to get married but instead of saying no, their father’s would kill their child or abusing them. Forcing child marriage is a very bad thing but families are more concerned about money than their children. Other parents says that it is a law to force a child marriage. Was there a law made to force children to marry? For example: â€Å"Whoever, being male above twenty one years of age contracts a child marriage shall be  punished with simple imprisonment which may extend to three months and shall also be liable to fine.† (The Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929) Then why do the parents disobey the law? Throughout generations, mothers who were once a child bride married with an older man forcing her child to get married like she did. Since, the parents noticed that they can’t afford to feed their families, one of their daughter needs to get married with an older man. Why the older men? Because older men in India who had worked hard and got educating well make a good money so the father can sell his daughter to get married. When their daughters are going to get married, their parents and the village made a private place to celebrate their marriage at night. They celebrate at night so no one even the government, would know what is happening there. If one government can disguised himself like the rest of the people and watched the child that are getting married he will stopping them and says it is illegal and they should be punished what the laws says. In addition, women in India should be united. Many years have passed since any girl sto od up and said no to marriage. Perhaps, some may have said no to their child marriage but it’s tough. For example, if any girls escape their child marriage, their family or their husband will find her and take her back with her husband. Many girls are getting married every 3 seconds no matter what ages they are. If any women’s stood up, made protest and awareness says no to child marriage then this can change the worldwide view that child marriage is wrong. If any country like in United States sees it in the news they would help them too. This is why women in India needs to be united to say no to child marriage because they had known what they are suffering for, and they don’t want the same for their children. The last solution is how to prevent from child marriage is education. In India, girls who are not married were still in school but their parents that don’t had money can’t feed their families so they will send their daughters to be married. Every girl who gotten married and has children wishes they can continue to go to school so they can have a better job. Example of the video says, that not many girls don’t get educated in India because they got married and gotten pregnant). Why can’t the parents supposedly know that going to school can provide their daughters a good job in the future? It seems that their fathers are the one who wanted their daughters to get  married in early ages because in their present time with the family now are very poor and had nothing to eat. So the fathers know it will take longer for their daughters’ to finish school till they grow up. That is why their fathers who met Indian men who have money are sending their daught ers to marry them so they can get money. If a girl gets education she can have normal life with their families so they won’t get married. The more they will study they can get a job and help their families with money. Even when they get good education after they finished school that is where they can get married and have a good life. In 1929, in India they had made the law about the child marriage. The law says any men above twenty one years of age contracts a child marriage shall be punished. But throughout generations in India, parents said it is the law to force a child marriage. Parents that can’t afford money to feed of their families has to send their daughters’ to get married. Older men who had worked hard and get good money will be married the child bride so the parents will have the money. If any girls gotten married, they will not be able continuing educated in school because of their pregnancy. Their pregnancies will be a health risk for young girls because they had die during child birth and miscarriages. If any girl in India shows the Government their documentaries about living a hard life throughout their child marriage. Then, the government would know how girls are suffering. Women in India should be united to make protest and awareness that will show the worldwide view that child mar riage is wrong. Today in many countries like in India continuing the child marriage but if anyone can make one voice to change it’ll be changed for the good.

United States Imperialism

Imperialism is defined as the policy of extending a nation's authority by territorial acquisition or by the establishment of economic and political control over other nations; the notion of a globally stretching â€Å"American Empire† with such connotations was first made popular after the Spanish-American War of 1898 with the US annexation of the Philippines. Although previous US expansionism shares many similarities with this â€Å"new† age of expansionism, they also diverged from one another in several key ways. This new stage of American expansionism took place through the latter part of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century and was quite analogous to the original or traditional type expansionism conducted by the US throughout its history proceeding this time period in several aspects. The first of which was the strong belief that expanding was a destined duty supported by God. When the US first gained its independence in 1776 span most of the east coast with the exception of Florida and extended only minimally into the mainland continent, but by the late 1800s the nation stretched from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific adding new states and territory and expanding across the entire continent. This relatively quick and vast expansion was a result of the idea known as Manifest Destiny, coined by columnist John O’Sullivan in 1845. The idea basically articulated that belief that the United States was destined to expand across the North American continent, from the Atlantic Seaboard to the Pacific Ocean. As a result of such a belief the US government did everything within its power to make this growth possible. This ranged from the buying of and making deals for territories from other foreign powers, like the purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France, to the taking of California and parts of New Mexico and Arizona from Mexico after the US Victory in the Mexican American War. This type of belief that imperialism was a necessary duty held true for the new age. This was not exclusive to the US and was widely accepted throughout most of the colonizing European powers as well. People at the time believed that God had made the â€Å"white race†; in the US special emphasis was put on the Anglo Saxon race, superior to all others as evidenced by their grander civilizations, numbers, wealth, and Christian beliefs. They saw these advantages as evidence that God wanted them to spread over the world imposing their rule on other races and lesser civilizations of the globe when inevitably the world’s supply of unoccupied land was depleted. This was especially the view of missionary minded Americans such as Reverend Josiah Strong, who called for Christian missions spanning the entire globe; their ideas stemmed from the Social Gospel (Document B). The Social Gospel involved the use of Christian ideals to help cope with the problems of the time, many of which were caused by rapid industrialization. This entitled way of thinking again helped inspire the United States to expand as well as convincing its people that such an expansion was rightful and meant to be, and again they did so because of these ideas and quite successfully so. The next ways in which the old and new ages were alike was in the treatment of the native peoples of the regions that the United States expanded into. During both time periods US policy toward the people already residing in any area newly acquired was biased and insensitive with little to no regard of the for the good or desires of the natives. During early American expansion the victims of such actions were almost exclusively Native Americans. As Americans pushed west they came into contact with a myriad of different tribes inhabiting different parts of the North American continent. The US government and these Indian tribes began to clash with each other quickly and soon what is widely seen as an unofficial extermination campaign began. This campaign carried on for decades until the US had spread a completely across the continent fighting and weakening individual tribes until they submitted to US dominance. Even after this Native Americans were still treated unfairly, having to contend with horrific US anti-Indian legislation. For Instance the Indian Removal Act, which took away Indian land and forced onto plots of land mandated for them do reside in, known as reservations. The most famous of which was the trial of tears, during which the Cherokee people were forced to march the one thousand mile distance from Georgia to Oklahoma under horrible conditions resulting in the deaths of 4,000 Cherokees. Another injustice toward the Indian peoples was their excluded from US citizenships and the rights and protections that come with it until 1924 with the passage of the Snyder Act. The treatment of those in the territories and colonies of the United States during this time during the late 1800s and early 1900s in that they again like the Native Americans were subject to harsh military action. This occurred shortly after Spain sold the Philippines to the United States for 20 million dollars. The Filipino people were under the mistaken assumption that after the withdrawal of Spain they would receive their independence, so as the US began to institute its rule in the colony Filipinos revolt under the leadership of Emilio Aguinaldo. The US government responded not by granting the Philippines its independence but instead by engaging in an armed conflict called by the American Anti-imperialist League, founded by Mark Twain in 1898, a â€Å"war of criminal aggression†. Although the US eventually won out due to far superior military might the process of doing so many Filipinos were slaughter putting Filipino blood on American hands (Document D). Inhabitants of the new age US imperial holdings were just as their Native American counterparts of the past denied rights and privileges and citizens. It was decided during this period that Congress would be granted jurisdiction over US foreign colonies and territories and control over the civil rights and statuses of those in them. This resulted from the Supreme Court case Downes vs. Bidwell, where a Puerto Rican exporter sued over the fact that he had to pay an import duties on his goods arguing that he was not technically importing them seeing as how Puerto Rico was a US territory. As Congress never saw fit to make grant such inhabitants of the â€Å"US Empire† they were not given rights under or protected by the Constitution as US citizens were (Document H). This lack of rights for natives in these lands opened the door to abuses and despotism from the United States government as well as other entities for instance big business, trying to serve their own needs and desires at any cost. The similarities between both states of US expansionism are represented both in its attitude toward its own expansion and in its handling of the existing populaces in the areas acquired. The more recent imperial period beginning in the late 1800s was also in numerous key facets a departure from previous US policies and preceding expansionism. To begin there was a major difference in venue between the two periods. During the early era US expansion was limited to the North American continent only spreading out and making larger the already existing American nation to the surrounding area. This mostly consisted of westward extension toward the Pacific Ocean, and the settling largely wooded country side that was quite relatively scarcely populated with only a number of Native American Indian tribes. However the latter era was a more global form of expansion. Instead of having growth limited to the continent and immediate area the US began to obtain colonies and territories thousands of miles away in other parts of the world such as the Philippines, the only official colony, Puerto Rico, and Guam. According to the father of the modern US navy, Admiral Alfred T. Mahan the US had to start looking outward to distant territorial options due to the increasing need for raw materials and other growing production needs, an expansionistic desire form the American public, and the geographic position of the nation between the Atlantic and Pacific (Document C). The perceived need to keep up with the growing colonial possessions and therefore wealth and power of the European nations was also a driving force behind this colonizing outward look. The US had fallen behind in this arena as shown in works like Thomas Nast’s â€Å"The World Plunderers†, which shows the dominant European nations of Germany, England, and Russia taking land off different regions of the globe. The US is not however represented here among these powerful colonizing nations, serving to show how far behind the US was in that way and how it did not play as large or powerful role as these other countries (Document A). These new colonial territories were not made up of under populated wilderness ready for settlement, but instead were populated and held developed native societies with their own customs that the US government had to deal with. This type of new era colonial style interaction is exemplified in events like the Filipino revolt against their American rulers for independence. Not only did US expansion change becoming more global, but US diplomatic expansionism foreign policy changed as well. During the initial time of expansionism the US foreign policy was focused on expansion through the gaining of land. While during the later time the US was still fixated on the attainment of land gains they began to also focus on expansion through the expansion of American influence throughout the world. During this time the US became somewhat less isolationist and introverted and looked to expand trade with other nations and sway over other nations rather than real â€Å"colonial† control. The goal of the United States was according to Senator Albert J Beveridge in the 1900 to use its colonial possession of the Philippines to control the Pacific Ocean, which he believed to be â€Å"the ocean of the commerce of the future†. This control over the Pacific would supposedly allow the US unrestricted trade with Asia, making it â€Å"the power that rules the world† (Document E). This idea in practice resulted in the institution of the open door policy. This policy nvolved the forceful persuasion of China by the United States to engage in trading with the US and other European powers. To keep from fighting between these powers separate â€Å"spheres of influence† were set up for each colonial power in which they could trade and conduct business as they pleased. This policy worked well making the US arguably the largest and most important foreign power in the region as shown by the political cartoon â€Å"American Diplomacy† (Document G). The United States also opened up Japan to trade with the Commodore Perry’s expedition to the nation in 1853. These types of influence foreign diplomacy were not only employed by the US in the Pacific but in the Latin America as well with particular regard to Central America. This was known as the Roosevelt Corollary, President Roosevelt’s interpretation of the Monroe Doctrine that required the US to interfere in the affairs of countries affected by wrongdoing and or impotence of the Western Hemisphere not for land but for the â€Å"welfare† of such countries (Document F). The Platt Amendment helped to support and legitimized the Corollary by guarantying US participation in Cuban dealings, both foreign and domestic and appeared to be at the time quite a success. The practice of dollar diplomacy took US influence over the Latin American to a new level by using both political and military authority to safeguard US citizens’ investments in the regions. This was used when President Taft sent US marines into Nicaragua in 1912 in order to keep safe American business interests. Such policies served to expand American control through increase in indirect influence instead of an increase in land and colonization. The variances between the old and new ways of expansion manifest themselves primarily in the change from continental territory gains to globally and the shift from a singular expansion attention on land to a attention on influence based expansion. United States expansionism has undergone changes throughout the years and at the same time stayed constant in many respects. Expansionism from the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth century was a continuation of past expansionism in that the religious and superiority driven attitude toward expansionism and the treatment of those already occupying the colonized areas remained the same. However it was a departure from previous expansionism because of its more global connotations and its focus on diplomatic influence as opposed to land. It is evident that regardless of their specific differences the old era of US expansion and the new era are their own distinct entities.